SAP Library - The SAP DB Database System:

The SAP DB Database System:

Architecture of the Database System

Database Instance

Thread

User Kernel Thread (UKT)

Pager

Log Writer

Server Task

Timer Task

Trace Writer Task

User Task

Utility Task

Task State

Special Thread

Clock Thread

Console Thread

Coordinator

Dev Thread

Requester

Temporary Dev Thread

Timer

Cache

Catalog Cache

I/O Buffer Cache

Converter

Data Cache

Log Queue

Volume

Data Volume

Log Volume

Database Instance Type

SAP DB OLTP

liveCache

SAP DB Document Server

SAP DB OLAP

SAP DB E-Catalog

SAP DB Versions and Database Instance Types

Operating System Platforms

Multiprocessor Configuration

SAP DB User Classes

Database Manager Operator (DBM Operator)

Authorizations

User Authorizations

Default Authorizations for the First DBM Operator

Operating System User Authorizations

Database User

Database User Classes

SYSDBA

DBA

DOMAIN

RESOURCE

STANDARD

User Groups

The Role Concept

User Data as Options

Required Options

User Data and XUSER

Using XUSER

XUSER Options

Generating XUSER Data in the Background

XUSER Data

Security Concepts

Log Settings

Log Mode

Overwrite Mode for the Log Area

Activating or Deactivating Redo Log Management

Availability

Backup Strategy

Backup

Data Backup

Complete Data Backup

Incremental Data Backup

Parallel Backup

Saving Data Backups

Log Backup

Automatic Log Backup

Interactive Log Backup

Saving Log Backups

External Backup Tool

Log Entry

Redo Log Entry

Undo Log Entry

Redo Log Management

Log Queue

Log Page

Log Writer

Log Area

Undo Log Management

Undo Log File

History Management

History File

History List

Garbage Collector

Restart or Recovery

Redo Log Manager

Log Reader

Redo Log File

Redo List

Redo Task

Savepoint on Restart

Example: Restart

Architecture of the SAP DB Tools

Architecture of the Database Manager

Architecture of the SAP DB Loader

Architecture of the Query Tools

Architecture of the SAP DB Web Tools

X Server

DBM Server

Loader Server

Web Server

Database Manager

Database Manager GUI

Options (DBMGUI)

Database Manager CLI

Options (DBMCLI)

DBM Commands

Web DBM

Options (LOADERCLI)

Loader Commands

Query Tools

SQL Studio

Options (SQL Studio)

Web SQL Studio

Directory Structure of the Database for SAP Systems

SAP DB Directories

Instance Data

Programs that Are Independent of the Database Software Version

Libraries for the Client Run-time Environment

Programs that Are Dependent on the Database Software Version

Client Tools

Example: SAP DB Directory Structure

Displaying SAP DB Directories

Define SAP DB Directories

Directory Structure of the Database System for Open Source

Performance Requirements

Example Configuration

Using Multiple Database Systems

SAP DB Directories

Displaying SAP DB Directories

Define SAP DB Directories

Log Files

Classes of Log Files

Configuration Files

Database Parameters

General Database Parameters

Special Database Parameters (Extended)

Support Database Parameters

BACKUP_BLOCK_CNT

CACHE_SIZE

CAT_CACHE_SUPPLY

DATE_TIME_FORMAT

DEADLOCK_DETECTION

DEFAULT_CODE

DEVNO_BIT_COUNT

JOIN_MAXTAB_LEVEL9

JOIN_MAXTAB_LEVEL4

JOIN_SEARCH_LEVEL

LOG_BACKUP_TO_PIPE

LOG_IO_QUEUE

LOG_SEGMENT_SIZE

LRU_FOR_SCAN

MAXCPU

MAXDATADEVSPACES

MAXLOCKS

MAXUSERTASKS

MP_RGN_LOOP

OPTIM_MAX_MERGE

REQUEST_TIMEOUT

RESTART_SHUTDOWN

RUNDIRECTORY

SESSION_TIMEOUT

UTILITY_PROT_SIZE

_DATA_CACHE_RGNS

_EVENT_ALIVE_CYCLE

_MAXEVENTS

_MAX_MESSAGE_FILES

_ROW_RGNS

_TAB_RGNS

_TRANS_RGNS

_TREE_RGNS

_UNICODE

SAP DB as UNICODE Database

UNICODE

Installing a UNICODE-Enabled Database

Setting the Database Parameter _UNICODE

Setting Code Attribute UNICODE

UNICODE and SQL

Example 1

UNICODE in Programming Languages

Example 2

Data Management Using B* Trees

Concepts

Primary Key

Secondary Key

B* Tree

Root/Index Page

Leaf Page

Table Access

Table ID

B* Trees for Tables

B* Trees for Table with LONG Columns

B* Trees for Tables with Secondary Key

B* Trees for Tables with LONG Columns and Secondary Key

Table Access Using B* Tree

Table Access (SELECT) Using B* Tree

Table Access (INSERT) Using B* Tree

Table Access (DELETE) Using B* Tree

Table Access (UPDATE) Using B* Tree

Changes in the B* Tree Structure

Non-Uniform Distributions of Data Pages

Lock

Shared Lock

Exclusive Lock

Optimistic Lock

Requesting and Releasing a Lock

Isolation Level

Isolation Level 0

Isolation Level 1 or 10

Isolation Level 15

Isolation Level 2 or 20

Isolation Level 3 or 30

Phenomena

Dirty Read

Non-Repeatable Read

Phantom

Creating a Homogeneous System Copy

Operating System Compatibility for Homogeneous System Copies

Homogeneous System Copy with the Database Manager CLI

Standby Databases with SAP DB

Setting Up a Standby Instance

Starting the Standby Instance as an Active Instance

Importing Log Backups up to a Specific Time

Importing Another Manual Log Backup

Copying the Log Volumes of the Original Instance

Example: Standby Database

SAP DB Version 7.4

Requirements for a Database System

SAP DB Improvements Since 1997

SAP DB Tools

Technical Specification of SAP DB Version 7.4

New Developments in SAP DB Version 7.4

Terms

Application Data

Backup ID

Checking the Database Structures

COMMIT

Data Area

Database Catalog

Database Console

Database Session

DBM Operator

External Backup ID

External Backup Medium

Group of Parallel Backup Media

Kernel

Language Support (MapChar Sets)

Log Area

Name of a Standard Backup Medium

Name of External Backup Medium

Operational State

Page

Page Pool

Restart

ROLLBACK

Savepoint

Single Backup Medium

SQL Mode

Task

Transaction

Transaction File

Transaction List

Version File

SAP DB Documentation

SAP DB Software

SAP DB Version Notation